Taiwo Oyedele’s Masterclass: March 31st Filing – Who, Where, and How to File Your Annual Returns

1. WHO: Who exactly is required to file?

It is a common misconception that only business owners file. The law is clear: Every individual earning income in Nigeria must file. This includes:

• Employees (PAYE): Even if your employer deducts tax monthly, you must file to reconcile your total annual earnings.
• Self-Employed Professionals: Consultants, freelancers, and artisans.
• High Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs): Those with diverse income streams from dividends, rentals, or foreign investments.
• Exempt Earners: Even if your income is below the tax threshold, you must file a "Nil Return" to maintain your tax-compliant status.

2. WHAT: What exactly are we filing?

You are filing your Personal Income Tax (PIT) Annual Returns. The primary document is the Form A (Income Tax Return Form for Individuals). You will be declaring:

• Your total earned income from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2025.
• The total tax already paid via the PAYE system (check your payslips or request a certificate from your employer).
• Claims for allowable reliefs and deductions (consolidated relief allowances).

3. WHERE: Where do we file?

Taxation of individuals is handled by the State Internal Revenue Service (SIRS) in the state where you legally reside. For example:

• Residents of Lagos file with the LIRS.
• Residents of Abuja file with the FCT-IRS.
• Residents of Port Harcourt file with the RIRS.

Most states now have digital portals (like the LIRS e-Tax portal). You no longer need to visit a physical office; you can upload your Form A and evidence of payment digitally.